How much difference in the MP-5 9mm and 10mm? Could you "role your own"? Curt Higgins at S&H Arms (just a few miles from USSA) might be able to build one from the 9MM...
No, the 40 S&W/10mm MP's is built on a different frame. No way to convert it over without major structural changes.
What would it take for such a carbine to be converted to 9*25 Dillon?
This would be the easiest conversion. Just get the 10mm upper and purchase a 9mm barrel. Ream the 9mm barrel and install it on the 10mm upper and your done. The issue is the magazines. Finding magazines that will run a 10mm cartridge and still fit into an AR magazine well is the real challange.
Further more: As I understand it longer barrels work better with smaller calibers, i.e. .45 ACP with a 16" barrel is counterproductive on the muzzle velocity. Mind you, this is just hear say, just yell at me when I'm wrong. What I would like to know is what muzzle velocity and kinetic energy might you expect from a 16" carbine chambered in 9*25 Dollon, as compared to for example .45 ACP or 9mm Luger?
The reason most pistol caliber rounds show only moderate or even slower velocities from carbine barrels has more to do with the type of powder used in their manufacture. Most pistol powders have a relatively fast burn rate. As such, gas pressure behind the bullet is usually starting to diminish as the bullet is exiting a 16" barrel. The drag of the bullet in the barrel starts to slow the bullet down before it exits the barrel. This is why most sub-gun barrels are in the 6"-7" range. Anything more is a waste as is does nothing for velocity and it creates a longer firearm which defeats the purpose of a subgun.
The 9x25 has a lot of case volume for use with slower burning powders. It would not surprise me to see velocities over 2,000 fps with the right loads from a 16" barrel.
USSA-1